Saturday, 10 October 2026

Consider the following statements about the UN General Assembly:

1. 1.Every Member State has one vote.
2. 2.It elects the non-permanent members of the Security Council.
3. 3.Its ordinary resolutions automatically have the same binding force as Security Council decisions adopted under Chapter VII.

Consider the following statements:

1. 1.Parties communicate nationally determined contributions.
2. 2.The Paris Agreement prescribes one identical emissions-reduction percentage for all countries.
3. 3.The Agreement includes a five-year cycle of successive NDCs.

Consider the following statements about the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT):

1. 1.It seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
2. 2.It recognises a category of nuclear-weapon States based on a historical cut-off date.
3. 3.It creates an unconditional obligation on every State Party to dismantle all nuclear weapons immediately.

Ships avoiding the Red Sea because of security risks associated with attacks in the region may choose a longer route around the Cape of Good Hope. Which maritime sequence is correctly associated with the shorter Asia-Europe route through the Red Sea?

Which statement best captures the relationship between the UN Security Council and regional arrangements under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter?

Suppose a container ship travelling from the Indian Ocean toward Northern Europe avoids the Suez route because of insecurity around the southern Red Sea. Which of the following best explains the geographical consequence?

1. 1.The ship may reroute around the Cape of Good Hope.
2. 2.The rerouting increases voyage distance and can increase fuel, insurance and time costs.
3. 3.The Cape of Good Hope is located at the southern tip of Africa, on the Atlantic side of the continent.
4. 4.Such a rerouting necessarily eliminates all maritime chokepoints from the voyage.

South Africa's G20 Presidency in 2025 was organised around which broad theme?

Consider the following pairs:

1. 1.Strait of Hormuz — Persian Gulf / Gulf of Oman
2. 2.Strait of Malacca — Andaman Sea / South China Sea region
3. 3.Bab el-Mandeb — Gulf of Aden / Red Sea
4. 4.Bosporus — Black Sea / Sea of Marmara

How many pairs are correctly matched?

Consider the following statements:

1. 1.The transit-passage regime applies to qualifying straits used for international navigation between relevant parts of the high seas or EEZs.
2. 2.Transit passage includes navigation and overflight for continuous and expeditious transit.
3. 3.A coastal State may suspend transit passage whenever it invokes national security.

Under UNCLOS, which statement is most accurate regarding a State bordering a strait subject to transit passage?